From 8-4-4 to Competency-Based Education

Evolution of Kenya's Education System

Understanding the education System

Education in Kenya has undergone a transformative journey over the past few decades, reflecting the country’s efforts to align learning with the needs of a modern, dynamic society. At Nyarsango Schulprojekt e.V., we believe understanding this evolution is key to appreciating the challenges and opportunities facing the children and youth we support.

The Transformation

The 8-4-4 System: A Longstanding Foundation

Introduced in 1985, the 8-4-4 system was a response to the need for more practical and skill-oriented education. The structure represented:

While this model focused on providing a broad academic foundation, over time, it became heavily exam-oriented. Many learners struggled with the pressure of national exams, and the system often did not cater to individual talents, creativity, or practical skills needed in the job market.

The Shift to CBC: A Competency-Based Curriculum

In 2017, Kenya began implementing the Competency-Based Curriculum (CBC) to address the limitations of the 8-4-4 system. CBC was designed to promote:

The CBC placed learners at the center of the education process, with teachers serving as facilitators. Students were encouraged to explore their interests, talents, and abilities through continuous assessments and hands-on learning.

The Current CBE System: Preparing Learners for the Future

Building on the foundations of CBC, Kenya has now adopted Competency-Based Education (CBE), which emphasizes competencies over content. The new 2-6-3-3 structure is a major shift from the traditional model, structured as:

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